Council on Ethical & Judicial Affairs (CEJA) reports by year

Overview

Reports by the Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs (CEJA) interpret the AMA Code of Medical Ethics to provide practical ethics guidance on timely topics.

When the AMA House of Delegates adopts the recommendations of a CEJA report they become Opinions in the Code of Medical Ethics. The body of the report, which sets out CEJA’s ethics analysis, is archived and remains available as a resource to help users apply guidance.

CEJA reports may not be reproduced without express written permission.

2026

• Managing Conflict of Interest Inherent in New Payment Models—Patient Disclosure (PDF) CEJA Report 02-A-26

2025

• The AMA Code of Medical Ethics Evolving to Provide Health Care Systems Ethics Guidance (PDF) CEJA Report 1-A-25
• Reconsidering the Terminology to Describe Physician Assisted Suicide (PDF) CEJA Report 03-A-25
• Reconsideration of Physician Assisted Suicide (PDF) CEJA Report 04-A-25
• Protecting Physicians Who Engage in Contracts to Deliver Health Care Service (PDF) CEJA Report 05-A-25
• Laying the First Steps Towards a Transition to a Financial and Need Blinded Model for Organ Procurement and Transplantation (PDF) CEJA Report 08-A-25
• The Preservation of the Primary Care Relationship (PDF) CEJA Report 10-A-25
• Presumed Consent & Mandated Choice for Organs from Deceased Donors (PDF) CEJA Report 13-A-25
• Achieving Gender-Neutral Language in the AMA Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 14-A-25
• Amendment to Opinion 1.1.1 “Patient-Physician Relationships” (PDF) CEJA Report 01-I-25
• Ethical Impetus for Research in Pregnant and Lactating Individuals (PDF) CEJA Report 03-I-25

2024

• Short-Term Global Health Clinical Encounters (PDF) CEJA Report 1-A-24
• Research Handling of De-Identified Patient Data (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-24
• Physicians’ Use of Social Media for Product Promotion and Compensation (PDF) CEJA Report 4-A-24
• Expanding Access to Palliative Care (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-24

2023

• Responsibilities to Promote Equitable Care (PDF) CEJA Report 4-A-23

2022

• Amendment to Opinion 9.3.2, “Physician Responsibilities to Colleagues with Illness, Disability or Impairment” (PDF) CEJA Report 03-A-22
• Amendment to Opinion 4.2.7, “Abortion” (PDF) CEJA Report 01-I-22
• Amendment to Opinion 10.8, “Collaborative Care” (PDF) CEJA Report 02-I-22
• Pandemic Ethics and the Duty of Care (PDF) CEJA Report 03-I-22
• Research Handling of De-Identified Patient Information (PDF) CEJA Report 04-I-22

2021

• Amendment to Opinion 9.3.2, “Physician Responsibilities to Impaired Colleagues (PDF) CEJA Report 3, June 2021
• Amendments to Opinions 1.2.11, “Ethical Innovation in Medical Practice”; 11.1.2, “Physician Stewardship of Health Care Resources”; 11.2.1, “Professionalism in Health Care Systems”; and 1.1.6, “Quality” (PDF) CEJA Report 2-N-21

2020

• Amendment to Opinion 1.2.2, “Disruptive Behavior and Discrimination by Patients” (PDF) CEJA Report 1, November 2020
• Amendment to Opinion 8.7, “Routine Universal Immunization of Physicians” (PDF) CEJA Report 2, November 2020

2019

• Competence, Self-Assessment and Self-Awareness (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-19

2018

• Mergers of Secular and Religiously Affiliated Health Care Institutions (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-18
• Medical Tourism (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-18
• Expanded Access to Investigational Therapies (PDF) CEJA Report 4-A-18
• Amendment to Opinion 2.2.1, “Pediatric Decision Making” (PDF) CEJA Report 3-I-18

2017

• Amendment to Opinion 2.3.2, “Professionalism in Social Media” (PDF) CEJA Report 1-A-17 (Opinion 2.3.2)
• Ethical Physician Conduct in the Media (PDF) CEJA Report 2-I-17 (Opinion 8.12)

2016

• Modernized Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-16
• Collaborative Care (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-16 (Opinion 10.8)

2014

• Ethically Sound Innovation in Medical Practice (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-14 (Opinion 1.2.11)
• Restrictive Covenants (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-14 (Opinion 11.2.3.1)
• Health Promotion and Preventive Care (PDF) CEJA Report 4-A-14 (Opinion 8.11)
• Physician Exercise of Conscience (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-14 (Opinion 1.1.7)

2013

• Amendment to Opinion 5.0551, “Confidential Care for Minors” (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-13 (Opinion 2.2.2)
• Amendment to Opinion 8.061, “Gifts to Physicians from Industry" (PDF) CEJA Report 2-I-13 (Opinion 9.6.2)
• Modernizing the Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 3-I-13
• Professionalism in Health Care Systems (PDF) CEJA Report 5-I-13 (Opinion 11.2.1)

2012

• Physician Stewardship of Health Care Resources (PDF) CEJA Report 1-A-12 (Opinion 11.1.2)
• Physician Responsibilities for Safe Patient Discharge from Health Care Facilities (PDF) (CEJA Report 5-A-12 (Opinion 1.1.8))
• Amendment to Opinion 9.011, “Continuing Medical Education” (PDF) (CEJA Report 1-I-12 (Opinion 9.2.6))

2011

• Financial Relationships with Industry in Continuing Medical Education (PDF) (CEJA Report 1-A-11 (Opinion 9.2.7)
• Amendment to Opinion 2.146, “Cloning for Biomedical Research” (PDF) (CEJA Report 5-A-11 (Opinion 7.3.8)
• Informed Consent in Research Involving Stored Human Biological Materials (PDF) (CEJA Report 6-A-11 (Opinion 7.1.2)
• Deferral of Blood Donation by Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) (PDF) (CEJA Report 2-I-11)

2010

• Amendment to Opinion 2.23, “HIV Testing” (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-10 (Opinion 8.1)
• Amendment to Opinoin 10.016, “Pediatric Decision-Making” (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-10 (Opinion 2.2.1)
• Advance Care Planning (PDF) CEJA Report 4-I-10 (Opinion 5.1)
• Routine Universal Immunization of Physicians for Vaccine-Preventable Disease (PDF) CEJA Report 5-I-10 (Opinion 8.7)
• Nonsimultaneous, Altruistic Organ Donation (PDF) CEJA Report 6-I-10 (Opinion 6.1.1)
• Professionalism in the Use of Social Media (PDF) CEJA Report 8-I-10 (Opinion 2.3.2)
• Update: Modernizing the AMA Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 9-I-10

2009

• Financial Barriers to Health Care Access (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-09 (Opinion 11.1.4)
• A Physician's Role Following a Breach of Electronic Health Information (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-09 (Opinion 3.3.3)
• Physician Employment by a Nonphysician Supervisee (PDF) CEJA Report 4-A-09 (Opinion 10.2)
• Quality (PDF) CEJA Report 5-A-09 (Opinion 1.1.6)
• Human and Nonhuman Hybrids (PDF) CEJA Report 6-A-09 (Opinion 7.3.8)
• Physicians with Disruptive Behavior (PDF) CEJA Report 3-I-09 (Opinion 9.4.4)
• Modernizing the AMA Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 4-I-09

2008

• Legal and Ethical Guidelines for Leasing Arrangements in Medical Imaging (PDF) (CEJA Report 2-A-08 (Opinion 9.6.9))
• Peers as Patients (PDF) (CEJA Report 4-A-08 (Opinion 10.3))
• Sedation to Unconsciousness in End-of-Life Care (PDF) (CEJA Report 5-A-08 (Opinion 5.6))
• Expedited Partner Therapy (PDF) (CEJA Report 6-A-08 (Opinion 8.9))
• Protection of Medical Staff Members’ Personal Proprietary Financial Information (PDF) (CEJA Report 7-A-08 (Opinion 9.5.2))
• Surgeons’ Attendance During Surgery (PDF) CEJA Report 8-A-08 (Opinion 2.1.6)
• Physicians’ Self-Referral (PDF) CEJA Report 1-I-08 (Opinion 9.6.9)
• Informed Consent in Investigational Trials (PDF) CEJA Report 4-I-08 (Opinion 7.1.2)
• Update: Modernizing the AMA Code of Medical Ethics (PDF) CEJA Report 5-I-08

2007

• Industry Representatives in Clinical Settings (PDF) CEJA Report 2-A-07 (Opinion 10.6)
• Opinion 8.132, “Referral of Patients: Disclosure of Limitations,” Amendment (PDF) CEJA Report 3-A-07 (Opinion 11.2.2)
• Radio Frequency ID Devices in Humans (PDF) CEJA Report 5-A-07 (Opinion 1.2.9)
• Physician Objection to Treatment and Individual Patient Discrimination (PDF) CEJA Report 6-A-07 (Opinion 1.1.2)
• Restrictive Covenants (PDF) CEJA Report 8-A-07 (Opinion 11.2.3.1)
• Physicians in Administrative or Other Non-clinical Roles (PDF) CEJA Report 10-A-07 (Opinion 10.1)
• Modification of Ethics Policy to Ensure Inclusion for Transgender Physicians, Medical Students, and Patients (PDF) CEJA Report 2-I-07 (Opinion 9.5.4)
• Amendment to Opinion 9.095, “Trademarks, Patents, Copyrights, and Other Legal Restrictions on Medical Procedures” (PDF) CEJA Report 3-I-07 (Opinion 7.2.3)
• Amendment to Opinion 2.23, “HIV Testing” (PDF) CEJA Report 4-I-07 (Opinion 8.1)
• Amendment to Opinion 2.02, "Physicians' Obligations in Preventing, Identifying, and Treating Violence and Abuse" (PDF) CEJA Report 6-I-07 (Opinion 8.1)
• Pediatric Decision-Making (PDF) CEJA Report 8-I-07 (Opinion 2.2.1)
• Umbilical Cord Blood Banking (PDF) CEJA Report 9-I-07 (Opinion 6.1.5)

Additional information

Access all council reports prior to 2007 or learn more about CEJA.

Copies of Council on Ethical and Judicial Affairs reports may be requested by telephone or email to: Thomas Wagner, (312) 464-4823, [email protected]